Chemical Composition Of Acorus Calamus: A Review Based On Literature Analysis
Keywords:
Acorus calamus, chemical composition, essential oilsAbstract
This article examines the chemical composition of the Acorus calamus plant based on a comprehensive review of scientific literature. Extensively studied by researchers worldwide, this plant contains essential oils (1.35–5.8%), glycosides (bitter acorin, lucenion), alkaloids, vitamins (groups C and B), carbohydrates (starch 20–45%), fatty acids (palmitin, olein, linoleic), sesquiterpenes (asarone, acorenone, shyobunone), terpenoids (pinene, camphor, limonene), and numerous other compounds in its rhizomes and leaves. The composition varies depending on the plant variety and growth conditions, with a particular emphasis on the high content of β-asarone (75–90%). Drawing on literary sources (H.H. Kholmatov, F.W. Semmler, and others), the presented data establish a connection between the plant’s medicinal properties and its chemical constituents. The study highlights the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Acorus calamus, underscoring its significance in traditional medicine.
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