Semantic Features And Equivalence Of Technical Terms In Uzbek And English Languages

Abstract

The rapid globalization of science and technology has intensified the need for accurate bilingual terminology, yet disparities in semantic structure between languages often impede exact transfer. This article investigates the semantic features and equivalence of technical terms in Uzbek and English by analysing corpora from information-technology, engineering, and telecommunications domains. Drawing on a corpus of 2 800 Uzbek terms and their English counterparts, the study applies componential and contrastive semantic analysis to identify degrees of equivalence, sources of semantic divergence, and strategies for harmonising terminological gaps. Findings show that only thirty-eight per cent of Uzbek technical terms exhibit full semantic congruence with English equivalents, while forty-four per cent demonstrate partial overlap caused by polysemy, metaphorical extensions, and divergent affixation patterns. The remaining eighteen per cent lack direct equivalents and rely on calques, descriptive phrases, or internationalisms. These results highlight the pivotal role of morphemic transparency, loanword adaptation, and contextual disambiguation in achieving terminological precision. The article concludes with recommendations for bilingual term-bank development and outlines implications for computer-assisted translation and technical education in Uzbekistan.